Ionized calcium, also called "free calcium" is the calcium which flows freely in the bloodstream without being attached to proteins. Calcium is necessary for the proper functioning of all cells in your dog’s body. It helps in the formation of teeth and bones. The ionized calcium level in the blood gives the veterinarian information regarding the functioning of several internal organs and the overall state of health of your dog.
Ionized Calcium in Dogs
Ionized calcium is the calcium which flows freely in your dog’s blood stream and is available to the cells that need it. Calcium has an important role for the teeth and bones, but is also responsible for the overall well being of the dog. However, high levels of ionized calcium are symptomatic for several conditions that affect internal organs.
Monitoring the ionized calcium levels in your dog gives the vet information about the condition of the heart, nerves, bones, teeth and kidneys. The information does not refer to how much calcium there is in your dog’s bones or other organs, but on how much free calcium he has. This is an indicator for the performance of the organs.
Ionized calcium tests can reveal normal parameters, very high levels of ionized calcium (hypercalcaemia) or very low levels (hypocalcaemia). Hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia are symptomatic for a medical condition and can also cause renal and heart problems.
Serious fluctuations of ionized calcium levels can cause heart problems, muscle spasms, confusion, kidney failure and even coma.
Given that in most cases abnormal levels of ionized calcium are symptomatic for cancer, you should perform blood tests on your dog according to your vet’s recommendations.
Hypercalcemia in Dogs
High levels of ionized calcium provide information which can be helpful in diagnosing:
- Kidney stones or kidney diseases
- Bone diseases
- Neurological conditions
- Addison’s disease
- Cancer
- The malfunction of the parathyroid gland
High ionized calcium levels can also be caused by accidentally ingesting high quantities of vitamin D. Vitamin D can be found in rodent poison, plants, supplements and topical ointments.
If the calcium levels are very high, it can lead to kidney failure, heart problems tissue mineralization and even coma.
Symptoms of Hypercalcemia in Dogs
Dogs suffering from hypercalcaemia exhibit the following symptoms:
- Increased thirst and frequent urination
- Loss of appetite
- Lethargy and depression
- Vomiting
- Enlarged lymph nodes
- Constipation
In more serious cases, hypercalcemia can induce coma.
Hypocalcemia in Dogs
When the ionized calcium levels are too low to maintain the proper functioning of muscles and nerves, this can point to a few possible conditions:
- Acute pancreatitis
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Immune deficiencies
- Kidney failure and kidney disease
- Bone tumors
- Vitamin D deficiency
Hypocalcaemia is usually managed by means of calcium supplements and dietary changes. The possible underlying condition has to be treated as well.
Symptoms of Hypocalcaemia in Dogs
Hypocalcaemia in dogs generally manifests through:
- Problems breathing
- Agitation
- Muscular spasms, tremors and convulsions
- Disorientation
- Muscular weakness
- Lack of coordination
Whenever your dog exhibits any or all of these symptoms it is recommended to take him to the veterinarian for a checkup and blood tests.