Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is not as common in dogs as it is in cats. PKD is an inherited disease which is irreversible. The disorder is often present at birth and can result in renal failure. Cysts slowly grow and replace normal kidney tissue, causing the kidney to enlarge. Cysts are sacs filled with air, fluid or semi-solid material. Once these cysts form, normal kidney function declines and may cause kidney failure. PKD can affect dogs of all breeds but the Cairn Terrier, Bull Terriers and Beagle seem to be more frequently affected. The exact cause of the disease is unknown, but abnormal genes seem to play a role. Symptoms of Polycystic Kidney Disease
It may be difficult to detect polycystic kidney disease until the cysts become large and numerous. Many dogs do not have any symptoms during the initial stages of the disease. Signs are non-specific. Most symptoms seen in dogs mimic renal failure from any cause.
Signs and symptoms are:
- loss of appetite
- excessively drinking water
- excessive urination
- depression
- weight loss
- sporadic vomiting
Your dog may also have abdominal palpitations. The abdominal muscles will twitch uncontrollably during these episodes. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, may also be present in dogs with PKD. Diagnosing PKD
If polycystic kidney disease is suspected, fluid will be removed from the kidney via a needle and then evaluated. Other tests include abdominal ultrasounds, a urine analysis and examination of the cystic fluid.
PKD may also cause cysts to form in the liver.
Limited Treatment Options
Treatment is often limited since eliminating renal cysts is not possible, with kidney surgery nor otherwise. Removing fluid from the cysts can minimize pain. There are a number of medications that may be prescribed to deal with symptoms. Some medications are for secondary conditions such as a bacterial infection.
Treating PKD as early as possible will prevent the cysts progression. Early treatment will also help prevent the development of any secondary bacterial infections. Bacterial infections could lead to sepsis.
Restricting protein in your dog's diet and supplementing vitamins such as vitamin D may help. It's important to make sure your dog receives plenty of fluids. No specific preventative measure is known.
Dogs with this disease are usually monitored every two to six months. Common associated problems to look for are kidney infection, kidney failure and increased pain.